Foreign direct investment (FDI) into Poland in 2022 totaled 140 billion zlotys (€32.3 billion), up by 25 percent from 2021, according to the Polish Central Bank (NBP)
FDI is now double what it was in the pre-pandemic period, according to NBP. More than half of the 140 billion is composed of reinvested profits but also includes almost 30 billion zlotys of purchased shares. In 2022, FDI accounted for 4.6 percent of GDP.
The high degree of reinvestment of profits helped the current major investors from Germany, the Netherlands and Luxembourg to be the countries with the greatest capital engagement in Poland. At the end of 2022, liabilities due to foreign direct investment in Poland amounted to PLN 1.2 trillion zlotys (€280 billion), 6.7%, higher than at the end of the previous year.
NBP also reported that Polish investment abroad in 2022 increased by nearly 150 percent over the previous year.
Norway invested 13 billion zlotys (€3 billion), Czechia 4 billion zlotys (€920 million), and Germany and Luxembourg each invested 1.8 billion zlotys (€420 million). The only country where there was a noticeable fall was Russia, which was a result of sanctions.
Polish investors are still using Luxembourg, Cyprus and the Netherlands for tax optimization of their investment portfolio.
